The Texture of Neighborhoods and Disability Among Older Adults

Rachel A. Pruchno · Maureen Wilson-Genderson

36 citations0/0 files storedThe Journals of Gerontology Series B

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Health disparities and outcomes Urban Transport and Accessibility Aging, Health, and Disability

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To present and test an ecological multidimensional model of neighborhood characteristics and examine its relationship to older disability among older adults. METHOD: Indicators of social vulnerability, wealth, violence, storefronts, residential stability, and the presence of physicians, supermarkets, and fast-food establishments for 1,644 of New Jersey's census tracts were derived from sources that include the U.S. Census 2000, Uniform Crime Report for New Jersey, New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Division of Marketing and Development, New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety Division of Alcohol Beverage Control, and Health Resources and Services Administration Geospatial Data Warehouse. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to develop and test a measurement model of neighborhood texture. Structural equation modeling examined the relationships between neighborhood characteristics and disability of persons aged 65-69 years. RESULTS: Analyses revealed that distinct dimensions of neighborhoods could be modeled with administrative data and that neighborhood contextual (supermarkets, physicians, storefronts, violence) and compositional (social vulnerability, wealth, residential stability) characteristics were related to the prevalence of disability. DISCUSSION: The use of multiple indicators of neighborhood with good psychometric qualities is critical for advancing knowledge about the mechanisms by which neighborhood characteristics are associated with the health of older people.

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References

2000Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming 2007Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research 2002Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research 2016Handbook of the Psychology of Aging 1973Ecology and the aging process.2002Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them?1998Bringing context back into epidemiology: variables and fallacies in multilevel analysis.2003Neighborhoods and Health

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2019Structural and social determinants of inequities in violence risk: A review of indicators 2020The role of neighborhood stressors on cognitive function: A coordinated analysis 2014Racial Disparities in Disability Among Older Adults 2016A Spatial Analysis of Body Mass Index and Neighborhood Factors in Community-Dwelling Older Men and Women 2015An observational study identifying obese subgroups among older adults at increased risk of mobility disability: do perceptions of the neighborhood environment matter?

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