Defensiveness in Communication: Its Causes, Effects, and Cures

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19 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Business Communication

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Communication Studies and Media Conflict Management and Negotiation Communication in Education and Healthcare

Abstract

One of the basic tasks of the human brain is to maintain order and consistency among all the knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes it retains. A defensive attitude occurs within people when they encounter communicationsituations with which they feel uncomfortable or will not tolerate. Defensiveness causes a listener to resist both speaker and message. In addition,defensiveness seems to be highly contagious and causes a deterioratingcycle between those communicating. Defensiveness can best be reduced byempathy, treatment of fellow communicators as equals, and genuineness.

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1961On Becoming a Person 1960The Functional Approach to the Study of Attitudes 1960The Open and Closed Mind 1960The Concepts of Balance, Congruity, and Dissonance

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1996Freedom of Speech: Construct for Creating a Culture Which Empowers Organizational Members

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