Assessing Exposure to Violence in Urban Youth

Mary Beth Selner‐O'Hagan · Daniel Kindlon · Stephen L. Buka · Stephen W. Raudenbush · Felton J. Earls

517 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

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Child Abuse and Trauma Crime Patterns and Interventions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

Abstract

This study reports on the development of a structured interview, My Exposure to Violence (My ETV), that was designed to assess child and youth exposure to violence. Eighty participants between the ages of 9 and 24 were assessed. Data from My ETV were fit to a Rasch model for rating scales, a technique that generates interval level measures and allows the characterization of both chronic and acute exposure. Results indicated that the fit statistics for six scales, covering both lifetime and past year victimization, witnessing of violence, and total exposure, were all good. These scales were found to have high internal consistency (r = .68 to .93) and test-retest reliability (r = .75 to .94). Evidence of construct validity was provided by the item analysis, which revealed a theoretically sensible ordering of item extremity, and also by analysis of bivariate associations. As expected, younger subjects generally reported less exposure to violence than did older subjects, males reported more exposure than did females, African-American subjects reported higher levels of exposure than did White subjects, violent offenders reported more exposure than did non-offenders, and those living in high crime areas reported more exposure than did those residing in low crime areas. Future areas of investigation and the potential contribution to studies of antisocial behavior and post-traumatic stress disorder are discussed.

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References

1989A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior.1991Childhood traumas: an outline and overview 1978Child abuse and neglect: The myth of classlessness.1990Mechanisms in the Cycle of Violence 1982Sexually Victimized Children.1989Does violence beget violence? A critical examination of the literature.1987Life Threat and Posttraumatic Stress in School-age Children 1986Performance models for antisocial boys.

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2009Trauma exposure and stress-related disorders in inner city primary care patients 2008Neighborhood selection and the social reproduction of concentrated racial inequality 2002Experienced, vicarious, and anticipated strain: An exploratory study on physical victimization and delinquency 2001Emotional and Behavioral Impact of Exposure to Community Violence in Inner-City Adolescents 2003Community violence exposure and children's academic functioning.2002Neighborhood Contextual Factors and Early-Starting Antisocial Pathways

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