Abuse: a risk factor for low birth weight? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Claire C. Murphy · Berit Schei · Terri L. Myhr · Janice Du Mont

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Intimate Partner and Family Violence Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Abuse during pregnancy is considered to be a potentially modifiable risk factor for low birth weight (LBW). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the strength of association between physical, sexual or emotional abuse during pregnancy and LBW. METHODS: We selected papers for review from an electronic search of MEDLINE (1966-1999), CINAHL (1982-1997) and the Cochrane Library. We retrieved articles using the following MeSH headings and keywords: "infant low birth weight," "fetus," "perinatal care," "pregnancy," "prenatal care," "infant mortality," "violence," "battered women," "spouse abuse," "infant morbidity," "antenatal" and "neonatal." When necessary, we contacted authors to obtain data that were not included in the published material. We analyzed the methodological quality of each eligible study and selected those of the highest quality for meta-analysis. RESULTS: We reviewed 14 studies, of which 8 were selected for meta-analysis. Using a fixed-effects model, we found that women who reported physical, sexual or emotional abuse during pregnancy were more likely than nonabused women to give birth to a baby with LBW (odds ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.8). INTERPRETATION: Abuse may be part of a complex interaction of factors that contribute to LBW.

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References

1979Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.1979Measuring Intrafamily Conflict and Violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales 1990Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8,145 Families.1992Assessing for Abuse During Pregnancy 1996Prevalence of Violence Against Pregnant Women 1997How to read a paper: Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses)1990Violence during pregnancy and substance use.

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2005Violence Against Women 2009Violence against pregnant women: Prevalence, patterns, risk factors, theories, and directions for future research 2011Violence against women: an urgent public health priority 2010Maternal Exposure to Domestic Violence and Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses 2016A systematic review and meta‐analysis of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and selected birth outcomes 2010Partner violence during pregnancy: prevalence, effects, screening, and management

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