More than Meets the Eye: Investigating Imagery Type, Direction, and Outcome

Sanna M. Nordin · Jennifer Cumming

72 citations0/0 files storedThe Sport Psychologist

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Sport Psychology and Performance Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports Sports and Physical Education Research

Abstract

The effects of imagery direction on self-efficacy and performance in a dart throwing task were examined. Two imagery types were investigated: skill-based cognitive specific (CS) and confidence-based motivational general-mastery (MG-M). Seventy-five novice dart throwers were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: (a) facilitative imagery, (b) debilitative imagery, or (c) control. After 2 imagery interventions, the debilitative imagery group rated their self-efficacy significantly lower than the facilitative group and performed significantly worse than either the facilitative group or the control group. Efficacy ratings remained constant across trials for the facilitative group, but decreased significantly for both the control group and the debilitative group. Performance remained constant for the facilitative and the control groups but decreased significantly for the debilitative group. Similar to Short et al. (2002), our results indicate that both CS and MG-M imagery can affect self-efficacy and performance.

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References

1999Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control 1979Review of Psychometric theory (2nd ed.).2002Social Foundations of Thought and Action 1999Imagery Use in Sport: A Literature Review and Applied Model 1997Measuring movement imagery abilities: A revision of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire.1998An In-Depth Analysis of the Uses of Imagery by High-Level Slalom Canoeists and Artistic Gymnasts 2001The Effects of a Motivational General-Mastery Imagery Intervention on the Sport Confidence of High-Level Badminton Players 1997The relationship between competitive anxiety and imagery use

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