The Economy of People’s Republic of China from 1953

Anton A. Cheremukhin · Mikhail Golosov · Sergei M. Guriev · Aleh Tsyvinski

138 citations0/0 files storedNational Bureau of Economic Research

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Economic Growth and Productivity China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance Economic Theory and Policy

Abstract

This paper studies growth and structural transformation of the Chinese economy from 1953 to 2012 through a lens of a two-sector growth model.The main goal of the paper is to provide a systematic analysis of both the pre-1978 reform and post-1978 reform periods in a unified framework.First, we construct a dataset that allows the application of the neoclassical model and computation of wedges, their components, and rates of TFP growth.Second, we determine the key quantitative factors behind growth and structural transformation.The changes in the intersectoral labor wedge play the dominant role in accounting for the change in the share of labor force in agriculture.TFP growth and changes in the intersectoral wedges are the two most significant factors contributing to GDP growth.Further decomposing the effects of reduction in wedges, we find that two components: the production component (the gap between the ratio of the marginal products of labor and relative wages) and the consumption component (the gap between the marginal rate of substitution and the relative prices) play a particularly large role.Third, we use the pre-reform period as a key benchmark to measure the success of the post-1978 reforms.We show that reforms yielded a significant growth and structural transformation differential.GDP growth is 4.2 percentage points higher and the share of the labor force in agriculture is 23.9 percentage points lower compared with the continuation of the pre-1978 policies.We provide extensive historical evidence for the reforms that are consistent with the evolution of the components of the wedges.The decrease in the production component of the intersectoral wedge is consistent with increased competition and demonopolization of the economy.The decrease in the consumption component of the wedge is consistent with the price and housing reforms.Finally, we project the path of the Chinese economy until 2050 and also calculate a lower bound on future growth by projecting pre-reform trends.

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References

2011The Fundamental Institutions of China's Reforms and Development 2007Introduction to Modern Economic Growth 2011Creative accounting or creative destruction? Firm-level productivity growth in Chinese manufacturing 2007Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India 2011Growing Like China 2009Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India 2001Rural Reforms and Agricultural Growth in China 2007Structural Change in a Multisector Model of Growth

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