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Change in Emergency Department Providers’ Beliefs and Practices After Use of New Protocols for Suicidal Patients

Marian E. Betz · Sarah A. Arias · Matthew Miller · Catherine W. Barber · Janice A. Espinola · Ashley F. Sullivan +3 more

58 citations0/0 files storedPsychiatric Services

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Suicide and Self-Harm Studies Psychiatric care and mental health services Emergency and Acute Care Studies

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The study examined changes in self-reported attitudes and practices related to suicide risk assessment among providers at emergency departments (EDs) during a three-phase quasi-experimental trial involving implementation of ED protocols for suicidal patients. METHODS: A total of 1,289 of 1,828 (71% response rate) eligible providers at eight EDs completed a voluntary, anonymous survey at baseline, after introduction of universal suicide screening, and after introduction of suicide prevention resources (nurses) and a secondary risk assessment tool (physicians). RESULTS: Among participants, the median age was 40 years old, 64% were female, and there were no demographic differences across study phases; 68% were nurses, and 32% were attending physicians. Between phase 1 and phase 3, increasing proportions of nurses reported screening for suicide (36% and 95%, respectively, p<.001) and increasing proportions of physicians reported further assessment of suicide risk (63% and 80%, respectively, p<.01). Although increasing proportions of providers said universal screening would result in more psychiatric consultations, decreasing proportions said it would slow down clinical care. Increasing proportions of nurses reported often or almost always asking suicidal patients about firearm access (18%-69%, depending on the case), although these numbers remained low relative to ideal practice. Between 35% and 87% of physicians asked about firearms, depending on the case, and these percentages did not change significantly over the study phases. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the feasibility of implementing universal screening for suicide in EDs, assuming adequate resources, but providers should be educated to ask suicidal patients about firearm access.

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References

1999Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Lifetime Suicide Attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey 2012Means restriction for suicide prevention 2003National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for Action 2003Attendance at the accident and emergency department in the year before suicide: Retrospective study 2012Trends in US emergency department visits for attempted suicide and self-inflicted injury, 1993–2008 2001Deliberate self-harm patients who leave the accident and emergency department without a psychiatric assessment 2005Occult suicidality in an emergency department population 2006Survey of California Emergency Departments About Practices for Management of Suicidal Patients and Resources Available for Their Care

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2016Clinician Attitudes, Screening Practices, and Interventions to Reduce Firearm-Related Injury

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