Exploratory factor analysis in validation studies: Uses and recommendations

Isabel Izquierdo · Julio Olea · Francisco José Abad

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Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Health Education and Validation Psychology Research and Bibliometrics

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) procedure is one of the most commonly used in social and behavioral sciences. However, it is also one of the most criticized due to the poor management researchers usually display. The main goal is to examine the relationship between practices usually considered more appropriate and actual decisions made by researchers. METHOD: The use of exploratory factor analysis is examined in 117 papers published between 2011 and 2012 in 3 Spanish psychological journals with the highest impact within the previous five years. RESULTS: RESULTS show significant rates of questionable decisions in conducting EFA, based on unjustified or mistaken decisions regarding the method of extraction, retention, and rotation of factors. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the current review provides support for some improvement guidelines regarding how to apply and report an EFA.

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References

2007Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research 1999Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.1965A Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis 1999Sample size in factor analysis.2004Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications.2006Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research 2013Nonnormaland Categorical Data in Structural Equation Modeling 1986THE APPLICATION OF EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND ANALYSIS

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