Offside decision making in the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups

Peter Catteeuw · Bart Gilis · Jose Maria Garcia-Aranda · Fernando Tresaco · Johan P. Wagemans · Werner F Helsen

48 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Sports Sciences

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Sport Psychology and Performance Visual perception and processing mechanisms Sports Analytics and Performance

Abstract

The first objective of the present study was to examine the accuracy of offside judgements of assistant referees during the 2006 World Cup and to compare overall results with performances of assistant referees during the 2002 World Cup. Second, we also examined underlying mechanisms leading to incorrect decisions. According to the definition used for the 2002 World Cup, the results revealed a decrease in the number of incorrect flag signals during the 2006 (24/240 or 10.0%) compared with the 2002 World Cup (58/222 or 26.1%) (P < 0.001). For accuracy of all potential offside situations, according to a new definition (with the attacker 2 m in front or behind the second-last defender), the error percentage was 7.6% (17 flag errors and 9 non-flag errors out of 342 situations). Overall, quality of offside decisions was not influenced by the position of the assistant referee relative to the offside line. In addition, flag errors can best be explained by the perceptual illusion induced by the flash-lag effect.

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References

2005Visual Perception and Action in Sport 1987The relationship between expertise and visual search strategy in a racquet sport 2002Can anticipatory skills be learned through implicit video based perceptual training?2009Decision-making skills, role specificity, and deliberate practice in association football refereeing 2005Training Accurate and Coherent Decision Making in Rugby Union Referees 2008Offside decisions by expert assistant referees in association football: Perception and recall of spatial positions in complex dynamic events.2009A multiple-cue learning approach as the basis for understanding and improving soccer referees’ decision making 2005How position and motion of expert assistant referees in soccer relate to the quality of their offside judgements during actual match play

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