Traditional, Cyber and Combined Bullying Roles: Differences in Risky Online and Offline Activities

Sebastian Wachs · Marianne Junger · Ruthaychonnee Sittichai

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Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression Impact of Technology on Adolescents Workplace Violence and Bullying

Abstract

This study (1) reports frequency rates of mutually exclusive traditional, cyber and combined (both traditional and cyber) bullying roles; and (2) investigates whether adolescents belonging to particular bullying roles show higher levels of involvement in risky online activities (Compulsive Internet Use (CIU), online grooming victimization, and sexting) and risky offline activities (bad behavior in school, drinking alcohol and truancy) than non-involved adolescents. The sample comprised self-reports of 1928 German, Dutch and Thai adolescents (Age = 12–18; M = 14.52; SD = 1.6). The results revealed age, sex and country differences in bullying frequency rates. CIU, sending of sexts and risky offline activities were most strongly associated with combined bully-victims. The receiving of sexts was most strongly associated with combined bullies; and online grooming victimization was most strongly related to cyber bully-victims. Another important finding is that the associations between risky offline activities and combined bullying are stronger than for traditional and cyber bullying. The findings contribute to better understanding of the associations between varying bullying roles and risky online and offline activities among adolescents. In sum, the results underscore the need to promote life skills rather than adopting more conventional approaches, which focus almost exclusively on reduction of risks.

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References

2001Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A meta‐analytic review 2010Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross‐cultural health care research: a clear and user‐friendly guideline 2010Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization 2009School Bullying Among Adolescents in the United States: Physical, Verbal, Relational, and Cyber 1994Bullying at School: Basic Facts and Effects of a School Based Intervention Program 2007Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?2003Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire 2006Bullies Move Beyond the Schoolyard

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2021How Are Consensual, Non-Consensual, and Pressured Sexting Linked to Depression and Self-Harm? The Moderating Effects of Demographic Variables 2015Gender Issues and Cyberbullying in Children and Adolescents: From Gender Differences to Gender Identity Measures 2023Meta-analyses of the predictors and outcomes of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization while controlling for traditional bullying perpetration and victimization

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