The Bereavement Response: A Cluster Analysis

Warwick Middleton · Paul C. Burnett · Beverley Raphael · Nada Martinek

161 citations0/0 files storedThe British Journal of Psychiatry

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Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Literature and clinical experience suggest that some people experience atypical, complicated or pathological bereavement reactions in response to a major loss. METHOD: Three groups of community-based bereaved subjects--spouses (n = 44), adult children (n = 40), and parents (n = 36)--were followed up four times in the 13 months after a loss. A 17-item scale of core bereavement times was developed and used to investigate the intensity of the bereavement response over time. RESULTS: Cluster analysis revealed a pattern of bereavement-related symptoms approximating a syndrome of chronic grief in 11 (9.2%) of the 120 subjects. None of the respondents displayed a pattern consistent with delayed or absent grief. CONCLUSIONS: In a non-clinical community sample of bereaved people, delayed or absent grief is infrequently seen, unlike chronic grief, which is demonstrated in a minority.

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References

2003The Anatomy of Bereavement 1971Classification of Depressed Patients: A Cluster Analysis Derived Grouping 1988Risk Factors in Bereavement Outcome 1997Measuring core bereavement phenomena

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2010Grief as pathology: The evolution of grief theory in psychology from Freud to the present.2011Treatment of complicated grief 2007Spousal Bereavement in Older Adults 2006Indirect Self-Destructive Behavior and Overt Suicidality in Patients With Complicated Grief 2008The Underlying Structure of Grief: A Taxometric Investigation of Prolonged and Normal Reactions to Loss 2000On the classification and diagnosis of pathological grief 2013A Randomized Open Trial Assessing the Feasibility of Behavioral Activation for Pathological Grief Responding 1999Predictors of bereavement outcome for family carers of cancer patients

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