Women in Surgery: Bright, Sharp, Brave, and Temperate

Elisabeth C. McLemore · Sonia L. Ramamoorthy · Carrie Y. Peterson · Barbara Lee Bass

49 citations0/0 files storedThe Permanente Journal

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Diversity and Career in Medicine Gender Diversity and Inequality Sex and Gender in Healthcare

Abstract

Women make up an increasing proportion of students entering the medical profession. Before 1970, women represented 6% or less of the medical student population. In drastic contrast, nearly half of first-time applicants to medical schools in 2011 were women. However, the ratio of women to men is less balanced among graduates from surgical residencies and among leadership positions in surgery. Less than 20% of full professor, tenured faculty, and departmental head positions are currently held by women. However, this disparity may resolve with time as more women who entered the field in the 1980s emerge as mature surgeons and leaders. The aim of this article is to review the history of women in surgery and to highlight individual and institutional creative modifications that can promote the advancement of women in surgery. A secondary aim of the article is to add some levity to the discussion with personal anecdotes representing the primary author's (ECM) personal opinions, biases, and reflections.

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References

2011Is There Still a Glass Ceiling for Women in Academic Surgery?2004Facilitating Faculty Success: Outcomes and Cost Benefit of the UCSD National Center of Leadership in Academic Medicine 2001Childbearing and Child Care in Surgery 2009The history of women in surgery.2005The Training Needs and Priorities of Male and Female Surgeons and Their Trainees 2010The Diverse Surgeons Initiative: An Effective Method for Increasing the Number of Under-represented Minorities in Academic Surgery

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