Nine types of organizational cultures are defined in terms of the extent transformational and transactional leadership and their effects form accepted ways of behaving. The Organizational Description Questionnaire (ODQ) is used by members of the organizations to describe their cultures. The nine types of organizations include the high-contrast culture with both strong transformational and transactional qualities to the "garbage can" which lacks either kind of leadership of consequence. A majority of organizations are somewhere inbetween either loosely guided, coasting, or contractual.
Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 1,767 citations exist upstream.