PRIVATE SPEECH: FOUR STUDIES AND A REVIEW OF THEORIES

Lawrence Kohlberg · Judy Yaeger · Else Hjertholm

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Social Representations and Identity Psychology of Development and Education Child and Animal Learning Development

Abstract

Similarities and differences in the views of private or egocentric speech held by Piaget, Vygotsky, G. H. Mead, and Flavell are examined. These views are related to previous findings and to four new studies of the effects of age, IQ, and task difficulty upon private speech in various natural and experimental settings. These studies support the interpretation common to all the theorists in that mental age and task difficulty were found to be primary and regular determinants of private speech in contrast to such factors as sex, nationality, or chronological as opposed to mental age. The findings also support Vygotsky's belief that private speech has a curvilinear course of development (due to its functioning as a transition from outer speech to thought) as opposed to Piaget's view that it declines monotonically with cognitive and social maturity. 7 types of private speech are defined and evidence is presented suggesting that they form a developmental hierarchy consistent with Mead's view of the transformations of external communication to inner thought.

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References

1962Thought and language 2015Mind, Self, and Society 2005The Psychology Of Intelligence 2005Language and Thought of the Child 1961The Role of Speech in the Regulation of Normal and Abnormal Behavior 1947The Psychology of Intelligence 1968The development of role-taking and communication skills in children 1953LEARNING THEORY AND PERSONALITY DYNAMICS

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