An Exploratory Study of a Counselling Framework: Four Noble Truths and Their Multi-Interactive Cause-and-Effect

Abstract

Purpose: The present exploratory research aims to develop a counselling framework based on the theory of the Four Noble Truths and its multi-interplay of causality among the four elements. Structure: This paper composes of two main themes. The first part is to delineate the theory of the Four Noble Truths from Āgama. It then displays the process- focused models, and discusses the three-dimensional model. The second part is the introduction of the counselling framework in a multi-interactive cause-and-effect perspective, its concepts, features, implications, and counselling skills and techniques discovered in Āgama. Methodology: This study adopted the discourse on the Four Noble Truths from Āgama, one of the earliest collections of Buddhist scriptures. It is because Āgama keeps abreast of the closer meaning and interpretation of Early Buddhist teachings. In order to maintain the consistency of understanding and interpretation, it used only the Chinese version of Āgama. Meanwhile, employing primary data, this paper indicated the sources of data though it did not exhibit the sources in a form of in-text quotations. Findings and Results: The theory of the Four Noble Truths, one of the core Buddhist teachings, elaborates the nature of suffering, its cause, its cessation and the way of cessation. The conventional process model of the Four Noble Truths was procedural-based and linear relationship. This study analysed the inter-relationship

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