Article1997

The Relationship between Low Family Income and Psychological Disturbance in Young Children: An Australian Longitudinal Study

William Bor · Jake Moses Najman · M. J. Andersen · Michael J. O'Callaghan · Gail M. Williams · Brett C. Behrens

128 citations0/0 files storedAustralian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the relationship between low family income (LFI) experienced at different points in time, chronic low income status and its impact on child behaviour measured at 5 years of age. METHOD: Longitudinal data from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy were used to measure LFI in families at three points in time (the antenatal period, 6 months post birth and at 5 years cf age). Outcome variables were three independent groups of behaviour problems labelled as externalising, social, attentional and thought (SAT) problems, and internalising problems. These groups were developed from the Child Behaviour Checklist. An analysis based on logistic regression modelling was carried out examining the relationship between LFI and a range of intermediate variables known to be associated with child behaviour problems. RESULTS: The more often families experienced low income, the higher the rate of child behaviour problems at age 5. Low family income was still independently associated with SAT behaviour problems after controlling for smoking in the first trimester, parenting styles, maternal depression and marital dysharmony at age 5. The association between LFI and internalising and externalising behaviour problems was largely mediated by maternal depression. CONCLUSION: Low family income is a significant factor in the aetiology of a variety of child behaviour problems. The mechanisms involved in the link between LFI and childhood internalising and externalising behaviours involve the exposure of the children to maternal depression. However, the relationship between LFI and SAT behaviour problems remains to be elucidated.

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References

1932A Handbook of Child Psychology 1991Manual for The Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile 1976Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads 1994Economic Deprivation and Early Childhood Development 1994Economic Stress, Coercive Family Process, and Developmental Problems of Adolescents 1981Behavioral Problems and Competencies Reported by Parents of Normal and Disturbed Children Aged Four Through Sixteen 1979Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage.1992Depressed mothers as informants about their children: A critical review of the evidence for distortion.

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