A Preliminary Examination of Vocabulary and Word Learning in African American Toddlers From Middle and Low Socioeconomic Status Homes

RaMonda Horton-Ikard · Susan Ellis Weismer

104 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Speech-Language Pathology

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Language Development and Disorders Reading and Literacy Development Child and Animal Learning Development

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on the early lexical performance of African American children. METHOD: Thirty African American toddlers (30 to 40 months old) from low-SES (n = 15) and middle-SES (n = 15) backgrounds participated in the study. Their lexical-semantic performance was examined on 2 norm-referenced standardized tests of vocabulary, a measure of lexical diversity (number of different words) derived from language samples, and a fast mapping task that examined novel word learning. RESULTS: Toddlers from low-SES homes performed significantly poorer than those from middle-SES homes on standardized receptive and expressive vocabulary tests and on the number of different words used in spontaneous speech. No significant SES group differences were observed in their ability to learn novel word meanings on a fast mapping task. CONCLUSION: The influence of socioeconomic background on African American children's lexical semantic tasks varies with the type of measure used.

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References

1975Four Factor Index of Social Status 1998Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children 1998Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.1997The Effects of Poverty on Children 1994Variability in Early Communicative Development 1996An Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children 1996An Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children 2007Year 2007 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs

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2008Expressive Vocabulary Test Second Edition (EVT ™ 2)2013Socio‐economic status and language acquisition: children's performance on the new Reynell Developmental Language Scales 2018Evaluating socioeconomic gaps in preschoolers’ vocabulary, syntax and language process skills with the Quick Interactive Language Screener (QUILS)2010A Review of Developmental and Applied Language Research on African American Children: From a Deficit to Difference Perspective on Dialect Differences 2016

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