Economic development and female labor participation in the Middle East and North Africa: a test of the U-shape hypothesis

Abstract

Studies on female labor market participation can be broadly divided into two groups: studies that look at the long-term factors that drive Female Participation Rates (FPR) over periods spanning decades and focus on epochal transformation of societies such as structural changes in the economy, and there are studies that use shorter time periods or simply cross-section information to derive associations between FPRs and other factors that can vary over the short-term such as education or marriage. To the first group belong studies that have been largely pioneered by Ester Boserup and Claudia Goldin. To the second group belong a wide variety of studies on female labor supply and participation. This paper will focus on the first body of literature.

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