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Neuropsychopathological comorbidities in learning disorders

Lucia Margari · Maura Buttiglione · Francesco Craig · Arcangelo Cristella · Concetta de Giambattista · Emilia Matera +2 more

141 citations0/0 files storedBMC Neurology

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Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology Reading and Literacy Development Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Learning Disorders (LD) are complex diseases that affect about 2-10% of the school-age population. We performed neuropsychological and psychopathological evaluation, in order to investigate comorbidity in children with LD. METHODS: Our sample consisted of 448 patients from 7 to 16 years of age with a diagnosis of LD, divided in two subgroups: Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), including reading, writing, mathematics disorders, and Learning Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (LD NOS). RESULTS: Comorbidity with neuropsychopathologies was found in 62.2% of the total sample. In the LSD subgroup, ADHD was present in 33%, Anxiety Disorder in 28.8%, Developmental Coordination Disorder in 17.8%, Language Disorder in 11% and Mood Disorder in 9.4% of patients. In LD NOS subgroup, Language Disorder was present in 28.6%, Developmental Coordination Disorder in 27.5%, ADHD in 25.4%, Anxiety Disorder in 16.4%, Mood Disorder in 2.1% of patients. A statistically significant presence was respectively found for Language and Developmental Coordination Disorder comorbidity in LD NOS and for ADHD, mood and anxiety disorder comorbidity in SLD subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: The different findings emerging in this study suggested to promote further investigations to better define the difference between SLD and LD NOS, in order to improve specific interventions to reduce the long range consequences.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)2018Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 1997The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale Construction and Psychometric Characteristics 2004Developmental Dyslexia and Specific Language Impairment: Same or Different?2020Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 2002A Longitudinal Investigation of Reading Outcomes in Children With Language Impairments 1998Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised

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2018Developmental dyslexia: emotional impact and consequences 2022Discovery of 42 genome-wide significant loci associated with dyslexia 2015Diagnosis and management of developmental coordination disorder 2019Genome-wide association scan identifies new variants associated with a cognitive predictor of dyslexia 2018Applying a network framework to the neurobiology of reading and dyslexia

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