Article2002

The F-PEC Scale of Family Influence: A Proposal for Solving the Family Business Definition Problem1

Joseph H. Astrachan · Sabine B. Klein · Kosmas X. Smyrnios

1,133 citations0/0 files storedFamily Business Review

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Family Business Performance and Succession Corporate Finance and Governance Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences

Abstract

This article proposes an alternative method for assessing the extent of family influence on any enterprise, enabling the measurement of the impact of family on outcomes such as success, failure, strategy, and operations. This proposed method, utilizing a standardized and valid instrument— the F-PEC—enables the assessment of family influence on a continuous scale rather than restrict its use as a categorical (e.g., yesqno) variable. The F-PEC comprises three subscales: power, experience, and culture. This article discusses these scales in detail.

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References

1999A Resource-Based Framework for Assessing the Strategic Advantages of Family Firms

Cited by

2014Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): A useful tool for family business researchers 2007Stewardship vs. Stagnation: An Empirical Comparison of Small Family and Non‐Family Businesses*2020Executing and interpreting applications of PLS-SEM: Updates for family business researchers 2012Sources of Heterogeneity in Family Firms: An Introduction 2014A comparative study of CB-SEM and PLS-SEM for theory development in family firm research 2010Exploring the concept of familiness: Introducing family firm identity 2005The F–PEC Scale of Family Influence: Construction, Validation, and Further Implication for Theory 2010Long-term orientation: Implications for the entrepreneurial orientation and performance of family businesses

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