Nativelikeness and non-nativelikeness in L2A research

David P. Birdsong

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EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Phonetics and Phonology Research Second Language Acquisition and Learning

Abstract

This commentary addresses the use of nativelikeness and non-nativelikeness in research relating to the age factor in L2A. I suggest that, in the context of the Critical Period Hypothesis as it applies to L2A, the criteria of nativelikeness and non-nativelikeness may be subject to abuse. I also argue that the use of the monolingual native standard for falsification of the CPH is undermined by departures from monolingual nativelikeness that are artifacts of the nature of bilingualism. Finally, I discuss ways that evidence of (non-) nativelikeness can be put to constructive use in research that investigates the upper limits of L2A attainment.

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1967The Biological Foundations of Language 1989Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language 1993Learning and development in neural networks: the importance of starting small 1990Maturational Constraints on Language Learning 2000THE ROBUSTNESS OF CRITICAL PERIOD EFFECTS IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 1990Maturational Constraints on Language Development 1989What is the logical problem of foreign language learning?1999Age Constraints on Second-Language Acquisition

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