Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: a Tutorial on Parallel Analysis

James C. Hayton · David Grayson Allen · Vida Scarpello

3,100 citations0/0 files storedOrganizational Research Methods

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Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Statistical Methods and Applications Mental Health Research Topics

Abstract

The decision of how many factors to retain is a critical component of exploratory factor analysis. Evidence is presented that parallel analysis is one of the most accurate factor retention methods while also being one of the most underutilized in management and organizational research. Therefore, a step-by-step guide to performing parallel analysis is described, and an example is provided using data from the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Recommendations for making factor retention decisions are discussed.

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1966The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors 1960The Application of Electronic Computers to Factor Analysis 1979Review of Psychometric theory (2nd ed.).1999Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.1965A Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis 1970A Second Generation Little Jiffy 1986Comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain.1967Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire.

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2006The Sources of Four Commonly Reported Cutoff Criteria 2014El análisis factorial exploratorio de los ítems: una guía práctica, revisada y actualizada 2011Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis.2010How to factor-analyze your data right: do’s, don’ts, and how-to’s.2015A Review of Exploratory Factor Analysis Decisions and Overview of Current Practices: What We Are Doing and How Can We Improve?2017

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