Articlegold2013

Hope and expectancies for future events in depression

Jens C. Thimm · Arne Holte · Tim Brennen · Catharina Elisabeth Arfwedson Wang

72 citations0/0 files storedFrontiers in Psychology

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Optimism, Hope, and Well-being Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Abstract

The present study investigated prospective cognition with the Hope scale (Snyder et al., 1991) and the Unrealistic Optimism Scale (Weinstein, 1980) in clinically depressed (CD; n = 61), previously depressed (PD; n = 42), and never depressed controls (ND; n = 46). In line with previous research, significant negative correlations between hope and symptoms of depression were found. Previously depressed reported lower levels of hope than NDs, but were more hopeful than CDs. In addition, relationships between depressive symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes, and expectations for the future were examined. As hypothesized, the CDs estimated their probability of experiencing positive events in the future as lower and their probability of experiencing negative events as higher than the two other groups. The PDs differed not from the NDs in their probability estimates. Implications of the findings are discussed.

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References

1988Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation 2012Cognitive Therapy for Depression 1988Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.1975Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders 1980Unrealistic optimism about future life events.1979Cognitive Therapy of Depression 1991The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope.1989Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression.

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2015This too shall pass: Temporal distance and the regulation of emotional distress.2015Happiness and its relation to psychological well-being of adolescents 2018Time perspective differences between depressed patients and non-depressed participants, and their relationships with depressive and anxiety symptoms 2023The Relationships between the Hope Dimensions of Agency Thinking and Pathways Thinking With Depression and Anxiety: a Meta-Analysis 2017The effect of gender norms on the association between violence and hope among girls in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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