Article2011

Spillover to triadic and dyadic systems in families with young children.

Catherine B. Stroud · C. Emily Durbin · Sylia Wilson · Kathryn A. Mendelsohn

163 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Family Psychology

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Family Dynamics and Relationships Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Attachment and Relationship Dynamics

Abstract

Research has evidenced support for the spillover model, which asserts that parents' marital functioning influences their parenting and coparenting behavior in dyadic (mother-child and father-child) and triadic (mother-father-child) family contexts. However, few studies have simultaneously investigated the spillover model in both parenting and coparenting systems, preventing examination of whether spillover impacts both systems equally or differentially. Further, little research has examined whether quality of the marital system influences children's behavior toward their parents, as well as their parents' behavior, in dyadic interactions. We examined the spillover model using observational measures of parent and child behavior in parent-child dyadic interactions as well as coparenting in triadic interactions. We also explored parent and child gender differences in spillover effects. Participants were families with children aged 3 to 6 years (n = 149). Findings indicated that spillover occurs to multiple family systems, but the effects varied according to whose behavior (mother, father, child) was explored. In families of boys and girls, the marital system influenced warmth in triadic interactions, as well as fathers' responsiveness and children's responsiveness to mothers in dyadic interactions. Spillover effects were largely equivalent for girls and boys, but spillover to coparenting hostility in triadic interactions was limited to families raising girls. Parent gender also moderated associations between marital functioning and parent-child interactions: Spillover was significantly stronger for fathers' responsiveness (vs. mothers' responsiveness) and child responsiveness to mothers (vs. child responsiveness to fathers).

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References

1992Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit 1998Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification.1995Testing Structural Equation Models.1976Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads 1985The Role of the Father in Child Development 1997FAMILIES AS SYSTEMS 1994Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis.1990Marital conflict and children's adjustment: A cognitive-contextual framework.

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2018Parenting in context: Revisiting Belsky’s classic process of parenting model in early childhood 2014Spillover between marital quality and parent–child relationship quality: Parental depressive symptoms as moderators.2016Does parental sexual orientation matter? A longitudinal follow-up of adoptive families with school-age children.2016Spillover of Marital Interactions and Parenting Stress in Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder 2018Within-family processes: Interparental and coparenting conflict and child adjustment.

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