Democracy, Social Policy, and Mortality Decline in Brazil

Abstract

From 1960 to 1995, Brazil made slower progress than most other Latin American countries at raising life expectancy and reducing infant mortality, even though it achieved the fastest economic growth in Latin America and one of the fastest rates of fertility decline. Policy failures, particularly neglect of basic health care for the poor, did more than socioeconomic challenges, such as high income inequality, to produce this disappointing outcome. Military rule from 1964 to 1985, and the low quality of democracy in the preceding and succeeding periods, contributed heavily to Brazil’s neglect of basic health care.

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