The Unique Psychological Meanings of Multidimensional Fears of Failing

David E. Conroy

92 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Sport Psychology and Performance Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies

Abstract

The multidimensional, hierarchical model of fear of failure (FF) has gained popularity in sport; however, the unique meaning of lower-order fears of failing in previous research may have been obscured by the hierarchical structure of the model. The present research aimed to establish the unique psychological meaning of lower-order fears of failing. Samples of recreational athletes (N = 440) and female varsity intercollegiate track and field athletes (N = 71) completed measures of multidimensional fears of failing, self-talk while failing, 2 × 2 achievement goals, and contextual motivation. Partial correlation analyses revealed unique patterns of relationships for each lower-order FF score with the external measures of self-talk, achievement goals, and contextual motivation. Fears of experiencing shame and embarrassment appeared to be at the heart of dysfunctional aspects of FF, whereas fears of having an uncertain future evidenced some uniquely adaptive components.

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References

1991Emotion And Adaptation 2001A 2 × 2 achievement goal framework.1995Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS)1974Structural analysis of social behavior.1999Test anxiety and the hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation.2002Multidimensional Fear of Failure Measurement: The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory 2003A 2 × 2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sport: Evidence for Factorial Invariance, Temporal Stability, and External Validity 2003Fear of failure: Friend or foe?

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