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Abstract There has been considerable interest recently in the kind of audience Aristotle is addressing in the Nicomachean Ethics and in the nature of the arguments that he uses. On the basis of some passages, it has been argued that he is not aiming to convert anyone who does not already aspire to the moral life; instead he demands that his audience must have been brought up with beliefs in the value of justice and the other virtues, beliefs to which he can appeal throughout the course of his argument.1 If one accepts this view, it is then tempting to see a strong contrast between his aims and those of Plato, especially in the Gorgias and Republic book 1. In these works we find interlocutors who deny the value of justice and claim thateudaimonia(‘happiness’) is to be found in pursuing its exact oppositeuntrammelled pleonexia. Proceeding dialectically and professing to use only premisses that they can accept, Socrates attempts to refute their challenge and steer them towards the life of justice.2
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