Sixty Minutes of Physical Activity per Day Included Within Preschool Academic Lessons Improves Early Literacy

Stacie M. Kirk · Erik P. Kirk

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Children's Physical and Motor Development Early Childhood Education and Development Physical Activity and Health

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The effects of increases in physical activity (PA) on early literacy skills in preschool children are not known. METHODS: Fifty-four African-American preschool children from a low socioeconomic urban Head Start participated over 8 months. A 2-group, quasi-experimental design was used with one preschool site participating in the PA intervention and a second site participating as the control site. The PA program was designed to promote 300 minutes/week of moderate to vigorous PA academic lessons. Academic achievement related to early literacy and phonological awareness in the areas of rhyming and alliteration were assessed at baseline, 4 and 8 months. RESULTS: Over 8 months, rhyming significantly (p < .01) improved in the PA group (173 ± 12%) compared with the controls (28 ± 8%) resulting in between group differences at 8 months (p < .01). Alliteration significantly (p < .01) improved in the PA group (52 ± 16%) compared with controls (13 ± 5%), resulting in between group differences at 8 months (p < .01). As minutes of exposure to moderate to vigorous PA increased, the change in picture naming (R(2) = .35, p < .05), alliteration (R(2) = .38, p < .05), and rhyming (R(2) = .42, p < .05), increased. CONCLUSION: A teacher-directed PA program is effective at increasing PA and improving early literacy.

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References

1998Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children 1992Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools.2001Long-term Effects of an Early Childhood Intervention on Educational Achievement and Juvenile Arrest 2013Physical Activity, Self-Regulation, and Early Academic Achievement in Preschool Children 1994Special Education in Urban America 2008Applying a Response-to-Intervention Model for Early Literacy Development in Low-Income Children 2012Early academic skills and childhood experiences across the urban–rural continuum 2006Standards, Science, and the Role of Play in Early Literacy Education

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