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The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between principals' view of Dual Language program implementation as a First-Order or Second-Order Change and variables of administration experience, Dual Language program experience, language ability, view of Dual Language program as similar to previous bilingual education programming, and their perception of their district Dual Language program's success. Other purposes included determining if principals' certification coursework relating to bilingual education prepared them to lead Dual Language programs and to determine if parity exists between the number of Hispanic male and female principals heading Dual Language programs. Finally, this study sought to determine if leadership of dual language enrichment programs requires the leader to personally identify with the program and to have a developed philosophy of Dual Language Education.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 2 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.