Designing Effective Group Activities: Lessons for Classroom Teaching and Faculty Development

Larry K. Michaelsen · L. Dee Fink · Arietta Knight

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Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods Problem and Project Based Learning Team Dynamics and Performance

Abstract

The primary objective of this article is to provide readers with guidance for designing effective group assignments and activities for classes and workshops. In doing so, we examine the forces that foster social loafing (uneven participation) in learning groups and identify four key variables that must be managed in order to create a group environment that is conducive for broad-based member participation and learning. We then discuss the impact of various types of activities and assignments on learning and group cohesiveness. Finally, we present a checklist that has been designed to evaluate the effectiveness of group assignments in a wide variety of instructional settings and subject areas.

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1979Many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing.1993CULTURAL DIVERSITY'S IMPACT ON INTERACTION PROCESS AND PERFORMANCE: COMPARING HOMOGENEOUS AND DIVERSE TASK GROUPS.1971Group dynamics : the psychology of small group behavior 1984Stories, Scripts, and Scenes: Aspects of Schema Theory 1972Group Dynamics: The Psychology of Small Group Behavior 1984The Development and Enforcement of Group Norms 1992Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education.1995Cognitive Psychology and Instruction

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