Review of Eye-related Measures of Drivers’ Mental Workload

Gerhard Marquart · Christopher D. D. Cabrall · Joost de Winter

293 citations0/0 files storedProcedia Manufacturing

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Human-Automation Interaction and Safety Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology

Abstract

The assessment of mental workload could be helpful to road safety especially if developments of vehicle automation will increasingly place drivers into roles of supervisory control. With the rapidly decreasing size and increasing resolution of cameras as well as exponential computational power gains, remote eye measurements are growing in popularity as non-obtrusive and non-distracting tools for assessing driver workload. This review summarizes literature on the relation between eye measurement parameters and drivers’ mental workload. Various eye activity measures including blinks, fixations, and saccades have previously researched and confirmed as useful estimates of a driver's mental workload. Additionally, recent studies in pupillometry have shown promise for real-time prediction and assessment of driver mental workload after effects of illumination are accounted for. Specifically, workload increases were found to be indicated by increases in blink latency, PERCLOS, fixation duration, pupil dilation, and ICA; by decreases in blink duration and gaze variability; and with mixed results regarding blink rate. Given such a range of measures available, we recommend using multiple assessment methods to increase validity and robustness in driver assessment.

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1988Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research 2012Measuring neurophysiological signals in aircraft pilots and car drivers for the assessment of mental workload, fatigue and drowsiness 1964Pupil Size in Relation to Mental Activity during Simple Problem-Solving 2014Effects of adaptive cruise control and highly automated driving on workload and situation awareness: A review of the empirical evidence 2003Mental workload while driving: Effects on visual search, discrimination, and decision making.2005Sensitivity of eye-movement measures to in-vehicle task difficulty 2000Effects of verbal and spatial-imagery tasks on eye fixations while driving.2020Physiological metrics of mental workload: A review of recent progress

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2022Human Mental Workload: A Survey and a Novel Inclusive Definition 2018Mental workload is reflected in driver behaviour, physiology, eye movements and prefrontal cortex activation 2021Using eye-tracking to investigate the effects of pre-takeover visual engagement on situation awareness during automated driving 2018Automated driving reduces perceived workload, but monitoring causes higher cognitive load than manual driving

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