Ca- Reduplication and Proto-Austronesian Grammar

Abstract

Evidence is presented that a noniconic morphological mechanism called was used in Proto-Austronesian (PAN) for several functions, most notably, to form nouns. This observation has a direct bearing on the claim, advanced in Starosta, Pawley, and Reid (1982), that the affixes of modern Philippine and Formosan languages reflect PAN morphemes that were exclusively nominalizing. If this were the case, *Si- instrumental focus and Ca- reduplication would have performed essentially identical functions. It is argued that a more plausible reconstruction of PAN grammar must recognize verbal focus, together with nominalization strategies that made use of both focus-marking and nonfocus-marking morphological processes.

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