Employment Barriers Facing Ex-Offenders

Harry J. Holzer · Steven P. Raphael · Michael A. Stoll

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Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis Disability Education and Employment Employment and Welfare Studies

Abstract

Over 600,000 people are now being released from prisons each year. Many suffer from a variety of serious difficulties as they attempt to reenter society. Among the most challenging situations they face is that of reentry into the labor market. Employment rates and earnings of ex-offenders are low by almost any standard—though in most cases they were fairly low even

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1996When Work Disappears 2003The Mark of a Criminal Record 1998The spatial mismatch hypothesis: A review of recent studies and their implications for welfare reform 1999Welfare, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers 1997What Employers Want: Job Prospects for Less-Educated Workers.2001From Prison to Home: The Dimensions and Consequences of Prisoner Reentry 2001Wiring the Labor Market 1995The Effect of Arrests on the Employment and Earnings of Young Men

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2004Ex-Offenders Need Not Apply 2011Compounded Disadvantage: Race, Incarceration, and Wage Growth 2012How different are their experiences and outcomes? Comparing aged out and other child welfare involved youth 2009Against the Tide: Household Structure, Opportunities, and Outcomes among White and Minority Youth

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