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Abstract ISI stands for Institute for Scientific Information, which is a Philadelphia-based organization specializing in retrieving, documenting and evaluating bibliometric information about science, scientists and scientific journals. The company was founded in 1960 by Eugene Garfield Ph.D. and has since grown into a multimillion dollar worldwide organization (1–3). Among the many information products produced by ISI, perhaps the most sophisticated and widely acclaimed is the Science Citation Index (SCI) (4–6). The first edition of SCI was produced in 1963 and in many ways this database is unique because the fate of a published article and the citations it receives can be followed forward in time, whereas other databases permit retrospective searching but not prospective (2). The SCI gives cumulative information about cited articles (volume, page numbers, and year), the frequency of citation, the name, volume, and year of the citing journal, and the names of the authors (2,7). However, citation counts are listed under the name of the first author of the cited article. In 1965, ISI introduced a new product relevant to citation analysis called Journal Citation Reports (JCR), which is a database devoted to the citation practices of the journals covered by SCI.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 16 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.