Palestine: Cyril of Jerusalem and Epiphanius

Abstract

Jerusalem was raised to patriarchal status, in return for Juvenal's compliance with imperial orthodoxy, at the Council of Chalcedon and the real development of Palestinian monasticism belongs to the fifth century with the foundations of St Euthymius and St Sabas, the heroes of Cyril of Scythopolis' Lives of the Monks of Palestine. Jerusalem was marginal to the theological currents of the fourth and fifth centuries, and though it became a geographical focus for the controversy over Origenism, this was largely because of the presence in the Holy Land of Jerome and other Latins, who can hardly be classed as Palestinian, even though Jerome spent almost half his long life there. Cyril's main literary work is a collection of Catechetical Homilies. In the 390s Epiphanius was instrumental in fomenting the Origenist controversy in Palestine, and securing the support of Jerome, once an admirer of the great Alexandrian.

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