The signaling principle, also known as the cueing principle, refers to the finding that people learn more deeply from a multimedia message when cues are added that guide attention to the relevant elements of the material or highlight the organization of the essential material. This chapter reviews the main findings from research on signaling in multimedia learning addressing the effects of incorporating cues into the text, the picture, or both. Text-based cues can consist of sentences that precede the learning materials and highlight their organization. Picture-based cues can consist, for instance, of arrows in which case they are extrinsic in the sense that an element is added to the picture. The chapter considers the design of cues based on eye movements and the effects of using eye movements as cues. The signaling principle may have some relation to other principles identified by the cognitive theory of multimedia learning as well.
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