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This chapter presents the notion of the developmental trajectory that reflects the normal processes of development unfolding under atypical constraints. It explores how development occurs in children with developmental disorders. The aim is to examine how constraints at the genetic, neural, physical, and social levels of description operate to guide cognitive development. It starts by asking what role, if any, development actually has in understanding children who follow atypical developmental trajectories. It then asks how the interactivity of brain systems constrains development, and the extent to which the timing of developmental events plays a significant role. It also addresses what role differences in input encoding and motor abilities have on cognitive development, and how the child's social context can constrain development. It is stated that disorders are impossibly characterizable as a set of normally functioning vs. impaired cognitive components from the normal repertoire because brain systems are highly interactive. One of the most significant lessons to take from this chapter is that when considering the complex behaviors that are essential to the cognitive level description, it becomes difficult if not impossible to disentangle the influences of the different levels of processing.
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