Review2016

The insomnia with short sleep duration phenotype

101 citations0/0 files storedCurrent Opinion in Psychiatry

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Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: It was first proposed in the late 1990s that objective markers of sleep disturbance could serve as an index of the biological severity of insomnia. In 2013, a heuristic model of two insomnia phenotypes based on objective sleep duration was proposed. Herein, we review the studies conducted in the past 3 years on the insomnia with short sleep duration phenotype and its implications for a clinical research agenda. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies have shown that insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with physiologic hyperarousal and cardiometabolic and neurocognitive morbidity, whereas insomnia with normal sleep duration is not. Both insomnia phenotypes are associated with psychiatric morbidity albeit through different psychobiological mechanisms. Novel recent studies have included occupational outcomes, developmental approaches, at-home objective sleep testing, diagnostic accuracy measures, and response to cognitive-behavioral treatment. SUMMARY: Accumulating evidence in the past years has continued to support that insomnia with short sleep duration is a more severe phenotype of the disorder associated with physiologic changes, significant morbidity and mortality and, potentially, a differential response to treatment.

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References

2015Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Experimental Sleep Deprivation 2016Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians 2009The hyperarousal model of insomnia: A review of the concept and its evidence 2013Insomnia with objective short sleep duration: The most biologically severe phenotype of the disorder 2014Cognitive Impairment in Individuals with Insomnia: Clinical Significance and Correlates 2015Insomnia Disorder 2014Sleep Restriction Therapy for Insomnia is Associated with Reduced Objective Total Sleep Time, Increased Daytime Somnolence, and Objectively Impaired Vigilance: Implications for the Clinical Management of Insomnia Disorder 2013Sleep problems and depression in adolescence: results from a large population-based study of Norwegian adolescents aged 16–18 years

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