Autonomous Vehicles: Disengagements, Accidents and Reaction Times

Vinayak V. Dixit · Sai Chand · Divya Jayakumar Nair

399 citations0/0 files storedPLoS ONE

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Human-Automation Interaction and Safety Traffic and Road Safety Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles are being viewed with scepticism in their ability to improve safety and the driving experience. A critical issue with automated driving at this stage of its development is that it is not yet reliable and safe. When automated driving fails, or is limited, the autonomous mode disengages and the drivers are expected to resume manual driving. For this transition to occur safely, it is imperative that drivers react in an appropriate and timely manner. Recent data released from the California trials provide compelling insights into the current factors influencing disengagements of autonomous mode. Here we show that the number of accidents observed has a significantly high correlation with the autonomous miles travelled. The reaction times to take control of the vehicle in the event of a disengagement was found to have a stable distribution across different companies at 0.83 seconds on average. However, there were differences observed in reaction times based on the type of disengagements, type of roadway and autonomous miles travelled. Lack of trust caused by the exposure to automated disengagements was found to increase the likelihood to take control of the vehicle manually. Further, with increased vehicle miles travelled the reaction times were found to increase, which suggests an increased level of trust with more vehicle miles travelled. We believe that this research would provide insurers, planners, traffic management officials and engineers fundamental insights into trust and reaction times that would help them design and engineer their systems.

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2014Intention to use a fully automated car: Attitudes and a priori acceptability 2014Transition to manual: Driver behaviour when resuming control from a highly automated vehicle

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2017Autonomous vehicles’ disengagements: Trends, triggers, and regulatory limitations 2017Take-over again: Investigating multimodal and directional TORs to get the driver back into the loop 2019MIT Advanced Vehicle Technology Study: Large-Scale Naturalistic Driving Study of Driver Behavior and Interaction With Automation 2019Perceived safety and attributed value as predictors of the intention to use autonomous vehicles: A national study with Spanish drivers 2024A matched case-control analysis of autonomous vs human-driven vehicle accidents 2018Hands Off the Wheel in Autonomous Vehicles?: A Systems Perspective on over a Million Miles of Field Data 2019Exploring the who, what, when, where, and why of automated vehicle disengagements 2019Exploring causes and effects of automated vehicle disengagement using statistical modeling and classification tree based on field test data

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