The evolution of urban transport policy from car-based to people-based cities: is this development path universally applicable?

Abstract

In many North-west European cities, and in a smaller number in North American and more advanced Asian cities, it is possible to identify an historical 40-60 year three-stage urban transport policy development path. Stage 1 is associated with a rapid growth in car ownership and use and the provision of high capacity urban roads and extensive car parking; stage 2 with a switch in emphasis to improving high-capacity public transport, in response to concerns about negative externalities; and stage 3 with an emphasis on urban liveability and quality of life, resulting in decreasing car use and space provision, and more use of sustainable transport modes. But this path has not been followed by all cities in developed countries. The objective of the paper is to consider cities which have followed this evolutionary path, to consider why other cities have not done so, and the implications for developing cities in China.

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