Articlegreen2017

A life history approach to delineating how harsh environments and hawk temperament traits differentially shape children's problem‐solving skills

Jennifer H. Suor · Melissa L. Sturge‐Apple · Patrick T. Davies · Dante Cicchetti

74 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Child and Animal Learning Development Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Harsh environments are known to predict deficits in children's cognitive abilities. Life history theory approaches challenge this interpretation, proposing stressed children's cognition becomes specialized to solve problems in fitness-enhancing ways. The goal of this study was to examine associations between early environmental harshness and children's problem-solving outcomes across tasks varying in ecological relevance. In addition, we utilize an evolutionary model of temperament toward further specifying whether hawk temperament traits moderate these associations. METHODS: Two hundred and one mother-child dyads participated in a prospective multimethod study when children were 2 and 4 years old. At age 2, environmental harshness was assessed via maternal report of earned income and observations of maternal disengagement during a parent-child interaction task. Children's hawk temperament traits were assessed from a series of unfamiliar episodes. At age 4, children's reward-oriented and visual problem-solving were measured. RESULTS: Path analyses revealed early environmental harshness and children's hawk temperament traits predicted worse visual problem-solving. Results showed a significant two-way interaction between children's hawk temperament traits and environmental harshness on reward-oriented problem-solving. Simple slope analyses revealed the effect of environmental harshness on reward-oriented problem-solving was specific to children with higher levels of hawk traits. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest early experiences of environmental harshness and child hawk temperament traits shape children's trajectories of problem-solving in an environment-fitting manner.

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References

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