Remanufacturing and Refurbishing in Developed and Developing Countries in Asia – A Case Study in Photocopiers

Abstract

Product reuse, refurbishing, and remanufacturing are critical elements in realizing sustainable consumption and production in our society. These are particularly important in Asian region where consumptions of products, materials and energy as well as economies are growing rapidly. The article presents the current situations of reuse, refurbishing, and remanufacturing in Asian region. The study focused on photocopier industry where these activities are actively undertaken and product service systems (PSS) prevail in high levels. Case studies including interviews with OEM remanufacturers and third-party refurbishers in three countries, namely, Japan, Indonesia, and Singapore, were conducted. The article presents the findings and discusses the vision for an effective international cooperative remanufacturing system in the future.

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