Measuring and Bounding Experimenter Demand

Jonathan de Quidt · Johannes Haushofer · Christopher Roth

571 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Economic Review

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Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics Advanced Causal Inference Techniques

Abstract

We propose a technique for assessing robustness to demand effects of findings from experiments and surveys. The core idea is that by deliberately inducing demand in a structured way we can bound its influence. We present a model in which participants respond to their beliefs about the researcher’s objectives. Bounds are obtained by manipulating those beliefs with “demand treatments.” We apply the method to 11 classic tasks, and estimate bounds averaging 0.13 standard deviations, suggesting that typical demand effects are probably modest. We also show how to compute demand-robust treatment effects and how to structurally estimate the model. (JEL C83, C90, D83, D91)

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References

2009Gender Differences in Preferences 1962On the social psychology of the psychological experiment: With particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications.2007What Do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal About the Real World?2004Field Experiments 1994Preferences, Property Rights, and Anonymity in Bargaining Games 2011Experimental methods: Between-subject and within-subject design 1999The Effects of Financial Incentives in Experiments: A Review and Capital-Labor-Production Framework \n 2009Experimenter demand effects in economic experiments

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