Las pyme en América Latina, Japón, la Unión Europea, Estados Unidos y los clúster en Colombia

Abstract

One of the main challenges for Latin American industries is to adapt their production processes and services delivery to the ones demandeded by the international economy in trade integration agreements. But, is Latin American's SME competitive before those of Japan, Europe and North America? Or even better, do the industries in Latin America and Colombia have the same technological capabilities and industry competitiveness of countries that have signed the (FTA)?, in other words, do the countries around the world have the same classification of SME? If not, what implications and economic effects can arise in the domestic industry? How competition between countries is affected when a different classification or characterization of the industry is used? Who wins and who loses the most? To respond to these concerns, research will begin by finding out what the SMES is and how it ranks in Latin America, Japan, United States and European Union. The methodology used is that of tracing bibliography available from the sources of national and international Chambers of Commerce. After, the business policy of the cluster as a strategy for competitiveness of domestic SMES will be discussed. The methodology used was the interview with cluster experts of Bogota, Atlantic, Pereira and Medellin. To conclude, the question: How can agricultural microenterprises be competitive without losing land ownership nor the internal resources to do business based on its comparative advantages in international markets? Will have a possible solution, namely, they could achieve it through the shaping, organization and management of community clusters, which demands political and community participation.

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