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In this research, we propose and test the notion that the inconsistent differentiation of ratings is a result of anchoring and adjustment. The idea is that raters use the dispersion of information from initial ratings as anchors for their internal differentiation scale. This action instantly leads raters to establish an internal scale, which, in turn, determines their rating differentiation. Accordingly, raters give more differentiated ratings when they start with less (vs. more) differentiated ratees. This prediction was supported by the results obtained from (a) a pilot study with ratings from the gymnastics in London 2012 Olympic Games, and (b) a main study with the initial performance dispersion of ratees being experimentally manipulated.
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