Articular and vertebral lesions in the Pleistocene sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) from the Brazilian Intertropical Region

Abstract

We performed a macroscopic study on six species of Pleistocene sloths from the Brazilian Intertropical Region (BIR) including Valgipes bucklandi, Catonyx cuvieri, Mylodonopsis ibseni, Glossotherium sp., Ocnotherium giganteum and Eremotherium laurillardi and compared the results with a previous investigation of Nothrotherium maquinense and Ahytherium aureum. Differential diagnostic analysis revealed six varieties of musculoskeletal diseases: Calcium Pyrosphosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD), Spondyloarthropathy (SpA), Osteoarthritis (OA), Osteochondritis Dessicans (OD), Schmorl’s Node (SN) and Spondylosis Deformans (SD). We also carried out multivariate statistical analyses on all Pleistocene sloths to verify the similarity between taxa based on diagnosed diseases.

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