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Introduction The health sector is one of growing sectors in Turkish economy; for this reason, many professionals attempt to solve problems that are inherent in this sector while also exploring ways in which to increase success in sector (Sulu, Ceylan, 2010). Job stress plays an important role in success of sector. Almost every problem that people come across in their life is related to stress. There is increasing evidence that nurses experience job stress in their working life which causes physical and mental problems. It was discovered that job stress not only affect nurses at work, but also their social life, including families and friends. This has also been established by reviews of public opinion or news in media. The job stress level of nurses also affects success of their work (Moustaka, Constantinidis, 2010). Job stress can cause an increase in issues such as cynicism and work alienation. In other words, cynicism and work alienation could increase due to job stress, as cynicism includes negative employee attitudes and negative behavioral outcomes of employees. Work alienation means that employees become isolated from work and work activities (Ceylan, Sulu, 2010; Brandes, 1997). Moreover, both cynicism and work alienation have an impact on explaining prosocial behavior of people in organizations (Poole, 1978). Thus, it is very important to understand sources of job stress, cynicism and work alienation for nurses and to propose strategies to reduce or cope with it. Nurses, as individuals, deal with job stress, cynicism and work alienation in different ways. Some of them are able to solve these problems. However, others demonstrate negative behavior. For this reason, there is a need to discover what impact of job stress on cynicism and work alienation is in Turkish health sector. It is hoped that findings of this study will be of value in academic research as an example from a developing country like Turkey. 1. Literature Review 1.1. Job Stress Even though there have been many views about stress in literature, researchers do not have common definition of stress (Parker and Decotis, 1983). It is a topic that was originally related to physics. However, over time, idea has been transferred to psychology (Azman, et al., 2013). Stress is the body's reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental or emotional adjustment or response (Rehman, et al., 2012). Furthermore, stress is a in which demands are made on to perform duties that threaten to be beyond skills and materials of (Mansoor, et al., 2011). Even if there is no common definition of stress, job stress is any characteristics of job environment which pose a threat to individual (Beehr, Newman, 1978). In other words, job stress is generally defined as a situation in which is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand on being, having, and/or doing what he or she desires and for which outcomes are perceived as important and uncertain (Chen, et al., 2011). That is, job stress is an psychological and physiological phenomenon that occurs when is uncomfortable and when undesirable threats occur in work environment (Azman, et al., 2013). People who work intensely with other people are more likely to be stressed. Professions that particularly suffer from stress are those in field of medicine, social work, nursing, teaching, public safety, child care and occupational therapy (Suresh, et al., 2013). There are different factors that make jobs stressful; these are known as job stressors (Mansoor, et al., 2011). Job stressors include lack of social support, autonomy (Chen, et al., 2011), role conflict (Azman,et.al.,2013) role ambiguity (Rehman, et al., 2012), lack of job satisfaction (Mansoor, et al., 2011) or organizational policies (Zhang, et al. …
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