Union-Induced Racial Entry Barriers

Abstract

This study poses the following question: Does collective bargaining heighten racial entry barriers or introduce such barriers where they did not previously exist? The study presents estimates of the effect of collective bargaining on the proportion of nonwhites in major industries for major occupational groups in the year 1960. Some time-series data covering 1910-60 are also examined in which the rate of change in the proportion of nonwhites is related to the existence or growth of union activities. Evidence was found that on average collective bargaining heightens racial entry barriers.

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