A Policy and Political History of Educational Supervision

Abstract

This chapter explores the history of US educational supervision in the context of formal roles and sociopolitical dynamics of historical eras in education, primarily focusing on the Progressive Era through the present day. It draws on a variety of sources, including legislation, governmental reports such as A Nation at Risk, educational administration textbooks, and peer-reviewed research studies. The chapter examines the evolving roles and theories of educational supervision, including its shifting purposes and definitions, across these historical eras. It discusses the development of professional identities among teachers and educational leaders, the development of differentiation of educational supervision among educators and educational leadership roles and positions as well as the specializations and expertise within these roles. The chapter focuses on the politicization of student learning outcomes and their conflation with accountability of states, districts, schools, and individual educators.

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