A Preliminary Investigation into the Accuracy of 3D Modeling and 3D Printing in Forensic Anthropology Evidence Reconstruction,

Rachael M. Carew · Ruth M. Morgan · Carolyn Rando

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Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage Anatomy and Medical Technology

Abstract

There is currently no published empirical evidence-base demonstrating 3D printing to be an accurate and reliable tool in forensic anthropology, despite 3D printed replicas being exhibited as demonstrative evidence in court. In this study, human bones (n = 3) scanned using computed tomography were reconstructed as virtual 3D models (n = 6), and 3D printed using six commercially available printers, with osteometric data recorded at each stage. Virtual models and 3D prints were on average accurate to the source bones, with mean differences from -0.4 to 1.2 mm (-0.4% to 12.0%). Interobserver differences ranged from -5.1 to 0.7 mm (-5.3% to 0.7%). Reconstruction and modeling parameters influenced accuracy, and prints produced using selective laser sintering (SLS) were most consistently accurate. This preliminary investigation into virtual modeling and 3D printer capability provides a novel insight into the accuracy of 3D printing osteological samples and begins to establish an evidence-base for validating 3D printed bones as demonstrative evidence.

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References

2015Forensic Anthropology Training Manual 2014Accuracy and reliability of measurements obtained from computed tomography 3D volume rendered images 2011Virtual Determination of Sex: Metric and Nonmetric Traits of the Adult Pelvis from 3D Computed Tomography Models*,†2007Digital forensic osteology—Possibilities in cooperation with the Virtopsy® project 2008Anthropological Measurement of Lower Limb and Foot Bones Using Multi‐Detector Computed Tomography

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